The effect of progesterone and 17-β estradiol on membrane-bound HLA-G in adipose derived stem cells

Membrane-bound HLA-G (mHLA-G) discovery on adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) as a tolerogenic and immunosuppressive molecule was very important. Many documents have shown that HLA-G expression can be controlled via some hormones such as progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate progesterone and estradiol effects on mHLA-G in ADSCs at restricted and combination concentrations. Three independent cell lines were cultured in complete free phenol red DMEM and subcultured to achieve suffi cient cells. These cells were treated with P4, E2 and P4 plus E2 at physiologic and pregnancy concentrations for 3 days in cell culture conditions. The HLA-G positive ADSCs was measured via monoclonal anti HLA-G-FITC/MEMG-09 by means of flow cytometry in nine groups. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. There were no signifi cant values of the mean percentage of HLA-G positive cells in E2-treated and the combination of P4 plus E2-treated ADSCs compared to control cells (p value>0.05) but P4 had a signifi cant increase on mHLA-G in ADSCs (p value<0.05). High P4 concentration increased mHLA-G but E2 and the combination of P4 plus E2 could not change mHLA-G on ADSCs.

review study: effect of growth factors on human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into cartilage tissue

Hyaline cartilage is a vascular and neural tissue with scanty chondrocytes and limited regenerative ability. After some serious injuries of the cartilage, healing process will take place through the formation of fibrocartilage structures. Currently, tissue engineering and cell therapy are 2 interesting therapeutic fields dealing with regenerative medicine. In this regard, tissue regeneration has found mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] with self-renewal and multipotential abilities as the best candidates for this process. Growth and differentiation of MSCs are induced by growth factors. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the effect of growth factors and their signaling pathways involved in differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes in vitro conditions

Study of carbon nanotubes effects on the chondrogenesis of human adipose derived stem cells in alginate scaffold

Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases in middle-aged populations in the World and could become the fourth principal cause of disability by the year 2020. One of the critical properties for cartilage tissue engineering [TE] is the ability of scaffolds to closely mimic the extracellular matrix and bond to the host tissue. Therefore, TE has been presented as a technique to introduce the best combination of cells and biomaterial scaffold and to stimulate growth factors to produce a cartilage tissue resembling natural articular cartilage. The aim of study is to improve differentiation of adipose derived stem cells [ADSCs] into chondrocytes in order to provide a safe and modern treatment for patients suffering from cartilage damages

Methods: After functionalization, dispersions and sterilizing carbon nano-tubes [CNTs], a new type of nanocomposite gel was prepared from water-soluble CNTs and alginate. ADSCs seeded in 1.5% alginate scaffold and cultured in chondrogenic media with and without transforming growth factor-beta1 [TGF-beta1] for 7 and 14 days. The genes expression of sex determining region Y-box 9 [SOX9], types II and X collagens was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the amount of aggrecan [AGC] and type I collagen was measured by ELISA

Results: Our findings showed that the expression of essential cartilage markers, SOX9, type II collagen and AGC, in differentiated ADSCs at the concentration of 1 microg/ml CNTs in the presence of TGF-beta1 were significantly increased in comparison with the control group [P < 0.001]. Meanwhile, type X collagen expression and also type I collagen production were significantly decreased [P < 0.001]

Conclusions: The results showed that utilized three-dimensional scaffold had a brilliant effect in promoting gene expression of chondrogenesis

Comparison of phenotypic characterization between differentiated osteoblasts from stem cells and calvaria osteoblasts in vitro

Characteristics of differentiated osteoblasts from adipose derived stem cells [ADSCs] in compared with isolated osteoblasts from normal bone such as calvaria are unknown. The aim of this study was determination and comparison of phenotypic characterization between differentiated osteoblasts from stem cells and calvaria osteoblasts in vitro. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue of human by enzymatic digestion and were differentiated into osteoblasts using osteogenic medium. Characteristics of these cells at first, second, third and fourth weeks were comprised with calvaria osteoblasts that were isolated from human calvaria by explanation culture method. To screen the characteristics of both calvaria and the differentiated osteoblasts, we used western blot to identify protein levels, von Kossa staining for mineral matrix detection and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] assay kit [Sigma] for ALP activity measurement. Difference between calvaria and differentiated osteoblast cells were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen and mineral material production in differentiated osteoblasts at third week were more significantly than calvaria cells [P < 0.05]. Our results indicated that there was no significant different in osteocalcin [OC] production between differentiated osteoblast at first, second and third weeks and calvaria cells but declined at fourth week [P < 0.05]. Our survey showed that cellular traits of differentiated osteoblasts presented better than calvaria osteoblasts in vitro conditions. Therefore, we suggest that ADSCs could be used in next studies for bone tissue engineering

Analysis of the thermal comfort and impact properties of the neoprene-spacer fabric structure for preventing the joint damages

Frequent moves at the joint, plus external factors such as trauma, aging, and etc., are all reasons for joint damages. In order to protect and care of joints, the orthopedic textiles are used. To protect the joints, these textiles keep muscles warm to prevent shock. To produce orthopedic textiles, Neoprene foams have been traditionally used. These foams are flexible and resist impact, but are not comfortable enough and might cause problems for the consumer. This study introduces a new structure consisting of perforated Neoprene foam attached to the spacer fabric and also compares the properties of thermal and moisture comfort and impact properties of this structure in comparison with Neoprene foam. In order to measure the factors related to the samples lateral pressure behavior, a tensile tester was used. A uniform pressure is applied to the samples and a force - displacement curve is obtained. The test continues until the maximum compression force is reached to 50 N. The area under the curve is much greater; more energy is absorbed during the impact. In order to investigate the dynamic heat and moisture transfer of fabrics, an experimental apparatus was developed. This device made the simulation of sweating of human body possible and consisted of a controlled environmental chamber, sweating guarded hot plate, and data acquisition system. The findings show that the Neoprene-spacer fabric structure represents higher toughness values compared to other samples [P

Induction of chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells with TGF-beta3 in pellet culture system

Adult stem cells which are derived from different tissues, with their unique abilities to self-renew and differentiate into various phenotypes have the potential for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Human adipose tissue is an appropriate source of mesenchymal stem cells with wide differentiation potential for tissue engineering research. In this study isolated stem cells from human subcutaneous adipose tissue were investigated for chondrogenic potential of adipose-derived stem cells [ADSCs] in pellet culture system treated with transforming growth factor- beta3 [TGF-beta3]. Human ADSCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and digested with collagenase type I. Immunocytochemical method for cell surface antigens was done in order to characterize the cells. The isolated cells were treated with chondrogenic medium, supplemented with TGF-beta3 in pellet culture system and harvested after 21 days. Histological staining was used to evaluate the presence of proteoglycan, with alcian blue. Immunohistochemical method performed for the assessment of cartilage'specific type II collagen and aggrecan. Also, in order to confirm our results, we managed RT-PCR technique. Chondrogenesis of ADSCs in pellet culture, induced by TGF-beta3 growth factor. Histological and immunohistochemical methods showed deposition of typical cartilage extracellular matrix components in pellets. RT-PCR analysis of cartilage matrix genes, such as type II collagen and aggrecan, also, confirmed the induction of the chondrocytic phenotype in high-density culture upon stimulation with TGF-beta3. TGF-beta3 promoted chondrogenesis of ADSC in pellet culture system. We suggest that human subcutaneous adipose stem cells could be excellent candidates for the cartilage tissue engineering